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  • Keyword = 'indoor outdoor decontamination' AND 'laser induced breakdown spectroscopy' OR LIBS OR 'FTIR' OR 'Fourier transform'.
Records 1 to 25 of 297

2024
Online PFAS Measurements
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Mar 13, 2024]
The presentation reviews technologies using infrared and mass spectrometry. The lack of online techniques that are suitable for PFAS monitoring is shown to indicate that more research is needed in this area.
Quantitative Functional Group Compositions of Household Fuel Burn Emissions
(JOURNAL) [Published : Apr 22, 2024]
Globally, billions of people burn fuels indoors for cooking and heating, which contributes to millions of chronic illnesses and premature deaths annually. Additionally, residential burning contributes significantly to black carbon emissions, which have the highest global warming ...
2023
Comparison of the thermal destruction of C1 and C2 fluorine/chlorine homologues in a pilot-scale research furnace: modeling and experiments
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Sep 13, 2023]
PFAS are a class of thousands of anthropogenic compounds widely used by industry and present in many consumer products. PFAS are valued for their hydrophobic and lipophobic properties, as well as their chemical and thermal stability. While definitions vary, PFAS are typically cha...
Comparison of two procedures for microplastics analysis in sediments based on an interlaboratory exercise.
(JOURNAL) [Published : Feb 01, 2023]
Microplastics (MP) are distributed throughout ecosystems and settle into sediments where they may threaten benthic communities; however, methods for quantifying MP in sediments have not been standardized. This study compares two methods for analyzing MP in sediments, including ex...
Determining Thermal Stability and Degradation of Neat and Adsorbed Perfluoroalkyl Substances using Hyphenated TGA-FTIR-GC-MS
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Aug 17, 2023]
This project aims to improve our understanding of the thermal stability of selected per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and afford insight into their decomposition mechanism on carbon and polymer-based spent adsorbents during regeneration. The study also includes thermogr...
Emerging investigator series: microplastic-based leachate formation under UV irradiation: the extent, characteristics, and mechanisms
(JOURNAL) [Published : Feb 01, 2023]
Microplastics in the aquatic system are among the many inevitable consequences of plastic pollution, which has cascading environmental and public health impacts. Our study aimed at analyzing surface interactions and leachate production of six microplastics under ultraviolet (UV) ...
Fragmentation and release of pristine and functionalized carbon nanotubes from epoxy-nanocomposites during accelerated weathering
(JOURNAL) [Published : Jul 01, 2023]
There is an increasing volume of nano-enabled materials in the market. Once composites containing nano-additives are disposed of, weathering could deteriorate their structures, releasing nanoparticles and risking exposure of humans and aquatic organisms. Composite degradation due...
The influence of complex matrices on method performance in extracting and monitoring for microplastics
(JOURNAL) [Published : May 26, 2023]
Previous studies have evaluated method performance for quantifying and characterizing microplastics in clean water, but little is known about the efficacy of procedures used to extract microplastics from complex matrices. Here we provided 15 laboratories with samples representing...
Use of Fluorinated Refrigerants as Indicators of Thermal Treatment Effectiveness for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Sep 14, 2023]
EPA’s Office of Research and Development performed a series of experimental studies using a pilot-scale down-fired natural gas combustor to examine the thermal destruction of per and poly-fluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS). Testing was performed on four distinct PFAS conta...
Use of Volatile Fluorinated Compounds as Indicators of Thermal Treatment Effectiveness for PFAS
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Sep 14, 2023]
EPA’s Office of Research and Development performed a series of experimental studies using a pilot-scale down-fired natural gas combustor to examine the thermal destruction of per and poly-fluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS). Testing was performed on four distinct PFAS conta...
Weathering Effects on Degradation of Low-Density Polyethylene-Nanosilica Composite with Added Pro-oxidant
(JOURNAL) [Published : Oct 01, 2023]
Nanomaterials are increasingly used in polymer composites to enhance their properties, such as mechanical performance and durability, increased electrical conductivity, and improved optical clarity. Here results are presented of a study simulating effects of weathering on degrada...
2022
A Multi-Laboratory Method Comparison for Quantifying Microplastics in Sediments: The Roles of Visual Microscopy and Spectroscopy
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Jun 28, 2022]
Microplastics (MP) are globally distributed throughout marine ecosystems and settle into sediments where they may threaten benthic communities; however, methods for quantifying MP in sediments have yet to be standardized. This study compares two methods for quantifying MP in sedi...
A high-throughput, automated technique for microplastics detection, quantification, and characterization in surface waters using laser direct infrared spectroscopy
(JOURNAL) [Published : Dec 01, 2022]
A high-throughput approach to detecting, quantifying, and characterizing microplastics (MPs) by shape, size, and polymer type using laser direct infrared (LDIR) spectroscopy in surface water samples is demonstrated. Three urban creeks were sampled for their MP content near Cincin...
Biodesalination using halophytic cyanobacterium Phormidium keutzingianum from brackish to the hypersaline water
(JOURNAL) [Published : Nov 01, 2022]
The biodesalination potential at different levels of salinity of Phormidium keutzingianum (P. keutzingianum) was investigated. A wide range of salinity from brackish to hypersaline water was explored in this study to ensure the adaptability of P. keutzingianum in extreme stress c...
Brake wear data set
(DATA/SOFTWARE) [Published : Oct 01, 2022]
A dynamometer study conducted for the California Air Resources Board directly collected particulate emissions from brake materials emitted during simulated driving and braking. Multiple vehicles and brake materials were used. These brake filters, along with whole brake pad materi...
Combustion of C1 and C2 PFAS: Kinetic Modeling and Experiments, February 2022
(JOURNAL) [Published : Feb 11, 2022]
A computational fluid dynamic (CFD) combustion model, originally developed for the Department of Defense (DoD) to model the destruction of chemical warfare agents in demilitarization incinerators was modified to include C1-C3 fluorinated organic chemical reactions and kinetics co...
Combustion, incineration, and issues related to PFAS destruction
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : May 06, 2022]
This presentation presents fundamental aspects of combustion and incineration, including a review of different technologies used to thermally treat PFAS containing wastes.  The presentation presents available combustion modeling research tools, and how these can be used and ...
Comparison of two procedures for microplastics analysis in sediments based on an interlaboratory exercise
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Nov 17, 2022]
Microplastics (MP) are globally distributed throughout marine ecosystems and settle into sediments where they may threaten benthic communities; however, methods for quantifying MP in sediments have yet to be standardized. This study compares two methods for quantifying MP in sedi...
Creating a high thru-put method to detect, quantify, and characterize microplastics in surface waters
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Mar 04, 2022]
Since microplastic pollution has been detected in our waterways, research and monitoring have become topics of interest. However, many difficulties prevent large-scale monitoring of urban watersheds for microplastic pollution. One of which is a lack of a high thru-put method for ...
Measurement of Fluorinated and Other Volatile Compounds from Incomplete PFAS Destruction in Incineration Using FTIR Spectroscopy
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Mar 10, 2022]
PFAS contamination of soil and water has been identified throughout the United States. One source is the use of PFAS-containing Aqueous Film-Forming Foams (AFFFs) used at airports, military bases, industrial facilities, and elsewhere to respond to fire emergencies as well as to t...
Pyrolysis Processing of PFAS-Impacted Biosolids, a Pilot Study
(JOURNAL) [Published : Mar 02, 2022]
Concentrations of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) present in wastewater treatment biosolids is a growing concern. Pyrolysis is a thermal treatment technology for biosolids that can produce a useful biochar product with reduced levels of PFAS and other contaminants. In...
Removal of Arsenic(III) and Chromium (VI) from Contaminated Water using a Low-Cost Chitosan Coated Polymers
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Aug 24, 2022]
Access to clean water has been a global challenge since long-term exposure to heavy metal pollutants such as arsenic(As(III) and chromium (Cr(VI)) has detrimental health effects. Thus, developing a low-cost technology to provide clean drinking water is vital. A novel adsorbent wa...
Thermal Destruction of Perfluorinated Akyl Substances (PFAS) in a Pilot-Scale Combustor
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Jul 29, 2022]
Per/polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS), are a group of anthropogenic chemicals used for their hydrophobic and lipophobic properties, as well as their chemical and thermal stability. PFAS can be present in multiple waste streams, some of which, are treated by thermal destruct...
2021
Accelerating Polymer Degradation using Pro-oxidant Additives
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Aug 26, 2021]
Single use plastics that are commonly used for packaging and service ware, such as bottles, bags, straws and wrappers result in land and marine pollution that as they break down into microplastics. Blending plastics with pro-oxidants could be a promising solution as they accelera...
Assessing polymer weathering in aquatic environmental systems
(PRESENTATION) [Presented : Nov 18, 2021]
Sunlight has been shown to be an important determinant of risk associated with exposure to polymer residues present in aquatic environments.  Energy provided by absorption of solar photons can initiate a wide range of reactions, including direct and indirect photolysis that resul...